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The Harrowing Truth: Smoking, Alcohol, and Your Heart Smoking kills more than 7 million people every year worldwide , with secondhand smoke accounting for an additional 1.2 million deaths (WHO, 2023)
As a result, 3,917 people were included in the urine cotinine analysis with further analyses of smoking cessation attempts and motivation to quit smoking using the transtheoretical model (TTM) [14]
Our genetics-based findings support and extend the observational literature identifying tobacco smoking as a risk factor for respiratory infection and diseases 9,25,26 , and add to the recent MR literature identifying potential causal links of smoking with reduced lung function 36 , lung cancer 37 , and increased mortality due to respiratory disease 38
FDA will take comments before issuing final rules, which then could face years of legal challenges from tobacco companies
