In the field of delivery technology, targeting the unique joint anatomy and pathological environment of OA, developing biodegradable sustained-release carriers such as smart responsive nanogels, porous microspheres, or tissue engineering scaffolds is key to achieving long-term and controlled release of GPX4 genes, regulatory miRNAs or ASOs, or small molecule ferroptosis inhibitors at the lesion site (Wang Y
doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2018.11.003 AndersenLP, Ggenur I, Rosenberg J, Reiter RJ
Its extraction from ashes presents an alternative method, as traditional production processes demand significant energy, typically sourced from quartz sand combined with sodium carbonate at 1,300 C (173)
RS may compromise mitochondrial function through interference with redox-sensitive enzymes and electron transport chain components, leading to reduced ATP generation and increased risk of apoptosis and mitochondrial permeability transition