All chronic diseases, including COVID-19 with the long-COVID-19-syndrome (271), are characterized by the presence of persistent chronic inflammation and sustained generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that when confronted with inadequate antioxidant defenses (likely leading components of anti-inflammaging) precipitate excessive oxidative stress
cerevisiae strain with enhanced glutathione production through UV-induced random mutagenesis
Zinc essentiality, toxicity, and its bacterial bioremediation: A comprehensive insight
FIGURE 7 The strong role of severe oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant defenses like GSH with increased lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde generation (213), lipid, protein and DNA oxidation with increased apoptosis and necrosis in atherosclerosis as a major cause of cardiovascular diseases and stroke, supports the use of complementary and alternative medicines, dietary supplements, and antioxidants with hardly any adverse effect, able to restore homeostasis reversing oxidative stress (214)
