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Another study using an air-liquid interface (ALI) to assess the cytotoxic effects on human bronchial epithelial cells, showed that IQOS exposure induced higher cytotoxicity (reduced metabolic activity) than e-cigarettes or air controls but lower than combustible cigarettes 22

In research on rats, the compound was still working three days later

There is no correlation to gum disease in people who chew nicotine gum versus normal gum

Furthermore, while the risks of smoking are widely known, research indicates that knowledge of vaping risks among consumers is substantially less, and many see it as having minimal health risks