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Biogerontology 15 , 627642 (2014)

the injection location in mice is most commonly the lateral tail vein (Figure 4).[1, 4, 7] IV delivery is considered the most efficient route for administering substances as it bypasses solute absorption.[7] IV injection may be challenging due to the small size of the vein, therefore considerable practice may be required.[1] To facilitate the injection, consider the use of an immobilisation device, warming the tail to dilate the tail veins, and improving the quality and distribution of light in the working area.[1, 4] The procedure must be aseptic and sterile with non-irritant substances free of particulate matter.[7] Figure 4

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Vitamin D deficiency and supplementation in pregnancy in a multiethnic population-based cohort