Further, oxidative stress has been proven to facilitate the accumulation of strands of amyloid-beta proteins, normally present in the brain, to form amyloid plaques, which have classically been considered to be the cause and thus, the treatment target of Alzheimer's disease
Vitamin D deficiency affects energy levels, immune function, and mood
Carnitines, due to their weak ultravioletvisible spectroscopy (UV/VIS) absorption and lack of inherent fluorescence (Vashistha and Bhushan, 2015), pose challenges in direct separation methods due to insufficient sensitivity
This binding triggers an inflammatory response, activating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- , IL-1, and IL-6 (55)