To put that into perspective, a single cigarette contains ~12 mg of nicotinearound 18,000 times more nicotine than a potato, by mass
Smoke contains various harmful chemicals and particulate matter that can irritate the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, and lungs, leading to short-term effects of smoking, including increased mucus production, coughing, and shortness of breath
Non-compliance is taken seriously
A 2026 study in Nicotine & Tobacco Research found that by June 2025, only 18.7% of smokers in Great Britain believed e-cigarettes were less harmful than cigarettes, while 31.3% believed they were more harmful and 37.5% believed they were equally harmful (Jackson et al., 2026)