In CD4 T helper cells, the 1,25(OH)DVDR axis suppresses Th1/Th17-associated cytokines such as IFN-, IL-17 A, and IL-22, while upregulating Th2-related cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, thus promoting a functional shift toward Th2 polarization [163,164,165]
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Here are some common scenarios: Initial Treatment Phase: In the initial phase of treatment, injections may be administered more frequently, such as daily or weekly, until B12 levels are restored
Immunosuppressive agents with intrinsic antifungal activity are emerging as candidates for drug repurposing, including calcineurin inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine, pimecrolimus, tacrolimus/FK506), mTOR inhibitors (e.g., rapamycin), antimetabolites (e.g., mizoribine [MZP], mycophenolic acid [MPA]), and glucocorticoids