For example, the intervention of KEAP1 inhibitors, such as natural coumarins, promotes Nrf2 activation, which reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in IBD by inhibiting NF-B and enhancing antioxidant responses, as documented (261)
Vagotomy in animal studies is said to disrupt the transfer of -synuclein derived from the gut to the CNS, but human observational evidence is inconsistent, with some studies indicating no change in PD incidence and others suggesting a reduced risk following truncal vagotomy (Elfil et al., 2020)
Under hypoxic conditions, the inhibition of PHDs activity results in HIF- accumulation and translocation to the nucleus, which, together with the HIF- subunit forms, can activate transcription factors (HIF-1, HIF2, or HIF-3) [141]
In contrast, re-growth of autonomic fibers is appreciably faster (4050 d to return to baseline density) than sensory fibers (140160 d for normalization) (36)