Similarly, caffeine and EGCG exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Dusp8 and TGF- 2 , factors in the MAPK pathway that activates protein activity in cascades during the development of NASH (58)
For JIMT-1, HT-1080, NCIH522, HCT-116, 786-O, and SK-MEL-28, n of technical replicates are: Control = 12
The sections were then washed three times in TNT buffer (0.1 M TrisHCl, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.05% Tween20, pH 7.5) for 5 min, and treated with secondary antibodies
For instance: Sub-toxic doses of nsPEF activate autophagy as a compensatory mechanism to repair membrane damage, but prolonged exposure increases cell death while concomitantly reducing autophagy markers ( Notably, nsPEF can also exert cell cycle-specific effects on tumor cells, such as inhibiting the proliferation of S-phase cells without significantly affecting their viability ( Collectively, these studies reveal the potential of PEFs to exert multi-faceted anti-tumor effects by inducing apoptosis, modulating autophagy, triggering ferroptosis, activating other RCD pathways, and potentially synergizing with chemotherapeutic drugs ( Figure 2 )