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"Electronic Cigarettes: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association"

In addition, in this study, we didnt evaluate sex effects on outcome measures and the findings may be specific to male smokers, since only the male subjects were recruited in this study as most smokers are male in China

Pharmacokinetic studies of first-generation devices with e-cigarette nave smokers have found first-generation nicotine exposure to be more similar to nicotine exposure from nicotine gum [9], a nicotinized inhalator [10], and even an unlit cigarette [11] than combustible cigarettes

for COPD (n=9 studies) the AOR was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.361.65) 21,22