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and John Seewer in Toledo, Ohio.
The effect on the innate response quickly went away when someone stopped smoking, but the effect on the adaptive response persisted even after quitting
submitted on May 10, 2015, by William Fischer, Jr
A recent article by a tobacco industry consultant reported that results from years of cigarette inhalation studies in rats, mice, hamsters, dogs and nonhuman primates do not show significant increases in cancerous tumor development and are clearly at variance with the epidemiological evidence in smokers, and it is difficult to reconcile this major difference between observational studies in humans and controlled laboratory studies in five different species. Tobacco products and their ingredients are not required by law to be tested on animals, and given the in vitro (non-animal) technology and safe human-based research methods available and the existing body of knowledge from human epidemiological and clinical studies about the health concerns associated with smoking, manufacturers can safely rely on these non-animal methods
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